Conjunctions
English Grammar
1. Because/ because of/ as/ since etc. connect statement and reason.
Q. Nobody likes him. He is stupid.
= Nobody likes him because he is stupid.
= Nobody likes him because of stupidity.
Q. He didn’t study hard. He failed the exam.
= Since he didn’t study hard, he failed the exam.
= He failed the exam as he didn’t study hard.
2. To, in order to, so, so that, therefore connect action and purpose.
Sita went to the market to/ in order to buy some rice.
She always studies hard. She always stood first in the class.
She always studies hard therefore/so she always stood first in the class.
He went to the bank. He cashed the cheque.
He went to the bank so that he could cash the cheque.
3. Although/even though/though/ in spite of/ despite connect situation and unexpected results.
She studied hard. She failed the exam.
Although/even though/ though she studied hard, she failed the exam.
In spite of/ Despite her hard study, she failed the exam.
In spite of/ Despite the fact that she studied hard, she failed the exam.
Look at the following example and do the exercise.
Example:
1.Fill in each blank with the best word or phrase chosen from the following list:
(because/in spite of/in order to / so that although)
Example: We stayed inside the house………it was too dangerous to go outside.
Answer: We stayed inside the house because it was too dangerous to go outside.
(a) ………. his illness, he continued working hard.
(b) She went to Kathmandu…………buy a bicycle.
(c) …………They were enjoying the film, they left before it finished.
(d) He was angry………..they broke his pen.
(e) ……….she was very old, she still cooked her own food.
Answer:
(a) In spite of his illness, he continued working hard.
(b) Although she was very old, she still cooked her own food.
(c) She went to Kathmandu in order to buy a bicycle.
(d) Although they were enjoying the film, they left before it finished.
(e) He was angry because they broke his pen.
Exercise:
1. Rewrite these sentences, filling in the gap with appropriate words from the list. (therefore, because, though, in spite of, however, because of)
(a) He sat in front of the fire……….he liked its warmth.
(b) His stamp albums were full……….he needs a new one.
(c) He collected space travel stamp………..his grandson’s interest.
(d) ……having collected stamps for so many years’ he still enjoying the hobby.
(e) It was getting more expensive to buy stamps……..he started to continue collecting them.
(f) He still preferred to collect British stamps………they were not as colorful as Nepalese stamps.
English Grammar
1. Because/ because of/ as/ since etc. connect statement and reason.
Q. Nobody likes him. He is stupid.
= Nobody likes him because he is stupid.
= Nobody likes him because of stupidity.
Q. He didn’t study hard. He failed the exam.
= Since he didn’t study hard, he failed the exam.
= He failed the exam as he didn’t study hard.
2. To, in order to, so, so that, therefore connect action and purpose.
Sita went to the market to/ in order to buy some rice.
She always studies hard. She always stood first in the class.
She always studies hard therefore/so she always stood first in the class.
He went to the bank. He cashed the cheque.
He went to the bank so that he could cash the cheque.
3. Although/even though/though/ in spite of/ despite connect situation and unexpected results.
She studied hard. She failed the exam.
Although/even though/ though she studied hard, she failed the exam.
In spite of/ Despite her hard study, she failed the exam.
In spite of/ Despite the fact that she studied hard, she failed the exam.
Look at the following example and do the exercise.
Example:
1.Fill in each blank with the best word or phrase chosen from the following list:
(because/in spite of/in order to / so that although)
Example: We stayed inside the house………it was too dangerous to go outside.
Answer: We stayed inside the house because it was too dangerous to go outside.
(a) ………. his illness, he continued working hard.
(b) She went to Kathmandu…………buy a bicycle.
(c) …………They were enjoying the film, they left before it finished.
(d) He was angry………..they broke his pen.
(e) ……….she was very old, she still cooked her own food.
Answer:
(a) In spite of his illness, he continued working hard.
(b) Although she was very old, she still cooked her own food.
(c) She went to Kathmandu in order to buy a bicycle.
(d) Although they were enjoying the film, they left before it finished.
(e) He was angry because they broke his pen.
Exercise:
1. Rewrite these sentences, filling in the gap with appropriate words from the list. (therefore, because, though, in spite of, however, because of)
(a) He sat in front of the fire……….he liked its warmth.
(b) His stamp albums were full……….he needs a new one.
(c) He collected space travel stamp………..his grandson’s interest.
(d) ……having collected stamps for so many years’ he still enjoying the hobby.
(e) It was getting more expensive to buy stamps……..he started to continue collecting them.
(f) He still preferred to collect British stamps………they were not as colorful as Nepalese stamps.
Comparisons and Word Formation
English Grammar
Look at the following examples and do the activities that follow.
Leather is stronger than plastic.
Plastic isn’t as stronger as leather.
Cars are more expensive than motorbikes.
Motorbikes aren’t as expensive as cars.
I write more carefully than he does.
She can swim faster than I can.
They are working as hard as they can.
He sings better than he dances.
That dog isn’t as dangerous as it looks.
Dolpa is the largest district of Nepal.
She has the most beautiful voice.
Example:
1. Fill in the gap with the help of suitable comparative words:
(a) More people live in Britain ……. in Switzerland.
(b) Britain has a ………. agricultural area ……….. Switzerland.
(c) Switzerland has ………….. population ……………. Britain.
(d) The main religion in Switzerland, Christianity, is the ……… in Britain.
(e) Tourism is ……. important in Switzerland as in Britain.
Answers:
(a) than (b) larger, than (c) less, than (d) same (e) as
Exercise:
1. Write sentences comparing the words given below. Use the words in brackets and began each sentence with the first word given.
Example 1: Kathmandu/ Dhankuta (big) Kathmandu……..
Answer: Kathmandu is bigger than Dhankuta.
Example 2: Pokhara/ Kathmandu (big) Pokhara……..
Answer: Pokhara is not as big as Kathmandu.
(a) rocks/ feather (heavy)
Rocks………
(b) Fish/human beings (intelligent)
Fish………
(c) Palpa/ Jhapa (flat)
Jhapa………
(d) The top of Mount Everest……..
(e) Cars/bicycle (expensive)
Cars …………
Word Formation
We can form a new word by adding prefix or suffix ahead or behind a word. It may have similar meaning to the old word or may have quite different from its old world.
Prefix: By adding un-, en-, im-, in-, dis etc.
happy — unhappy
possible — impossible
like — dislike
Suffix: By adding –ment, – able, – er, -est, -less,-ness etc.
large — larger
develop — development
replace — replaceable
Example:
1. Add appropriate prefix or suffix in the following words:
(i) usual (ii)satisfied (iii)child (iv) do (v) happy (vi) loyal
Answers:
(i) unusual (ii) unsatisfied (iii) children (iv) undo (v) happiness (iv) loyalist
Exercises:
(1) Make the following words negative by using both the negative prefixes dis and un- Cover, like, able, interested, satisfied.
(1) Add dis-or un – as appropriate to the following he words.
common, please, interested, popular, healthy, qualify, close, loyal, connect, conditional.
English Grammar
Look at the following examples and do the activities that follow.
Leather is stronger than plastic.
Plastic isn’t as stronger as leather.
Cars are more expensive than motorbikes.
Motorbikes aren’t as expensive as cars.
I write more carefully than he does.
She can swim faster than I can.
They are working as hard as they can.
He sings better than he dances.
That dog isn’t as dangerous as it looks.
Dolpa is the largest district of Nepal.
She has the most beautiful voice.
Example:
1. Fill in the gap with the help of suitable comparative words:
(a) More people live in Britain ……. in Switzerland.
(b) Britain has a ………. agricultural area ……….. Switzerland.
(c) Switzerland has ………….. population ……………. Britain.
(d) The main religion in Switzerland, Christianity, is the ……… in Britain.
(e) Tourism is ……. important in Switzerland as in Britain.
Answers:
(a) than (b) larger, than (c) less, than (d) same (e) as
Exercise:
1. Write sentences comparing the words given below. Use the words in brackets and began each sentence with the first word given.
Example 1: Kathmandu/ Dhankuta (big) Kathmandu……..
Answer: Kathmandu is bigger than Dhankuta.
Example 2: Pokhara/ Kathmandu (big) Pokhara……..
Answer: Pokhara is not as big as Kathmandu.
(a) rocks/ feather (heavy)
Rocks………
(b) Fish/human beings (intelligent)
Fish………
(c) Palpa/ Jhapa (flat)
Jhapa………
(d) The top of Mount Everest……..
(e) Cars/bicycle (expensive)
Cars …………
Word Formation
We can form a new word by adding prefix or suffix ahead or behind a word. It may have similar meaning to the old word or may have quite different from its old world.
Prefix: By adding un-, en-, im-, in-, dis etc.
happy — unhappy
possible — impossible
like — dislike
Suffix: By adding –ment, – able, – er, -est, -less,-ness etc.
large — larger
develop — development
replace — replaceable
Example:
1. Add appropriate prefix or suffix in the following words:
(i) usual (ii)satisfied (iii)child (iv) do (v) happy (vi) loyal
Answers:
(i) unusual (ii) unsatisfied (iii) children (iv) undo (v) happiness (iv) loyalist
Exercises:
(1) Make the following words negative by using both the negative prefixes dis and un- Cover, like, able, interested, satisfied.
(1) Add dis-or un – as appropriate to the following he words.
common, please, interested, popular, healthy, qualify, close, loyal, connect, conditional.
